Australia

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'Most recent data' shows most recent policy adoption levels and other data. Choosing a year shows data available for that year only.
Australia
Show data as of
'Most recent data' shows most recent policy adoption levels and other data. Choosing a year shows data available for that year only.
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HIV Policy Lab

Overall country policy adoption
Overall policy adoption scale
Calculated for each country based on the percent of policies for which data are available that have have a score of “adopted”
VERY FEW
0-19% of policies have been adopted
FEW
20-39% of policies
SOME
40-59%
MANY
60-79%
MOST
80%+

VERY FEW
FEW
SOME
MANY
MOST
policies adopted

Policy adoption

(out of 33)

16
Adopted
4
Partial
8
Not adopted
5
Data not available

HIV incidence

500
new HIV infections
in 2021
50%
since 2016

ART treatment

83%
of people with HIV on ART in 2021
increase
from 82%
in 2016
Meets targets for 90/90/90 goals

Policy adoption by category

VERY FEW
MOST

Overall

VERY FEW
MOST
global average
regional average

Clinical and treatment

VERY FEW
MOST

Testing and prevention

VERY FEW
MOST

Structural

VERY FEW
MOST

Health systems

VERY FEW
MOST

Policy adoption by question

Clinical and treatment
Contact Us
CT
MOST
Category / topic
Question
Adoption level
Not
adopted
Partially
adopted
Adopted
CT1
Treatment initiation
CT1
Treatment initiation
Clinical and treatment
Policy 1
Are all people living with HIV, regardless of CD4 count, eligible to start HIV treatment in national policy?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: ASHM When to start ARTASHM Antiretroviral drugs (2019)
Are all people living with HIV, regardless of CD4 count, eligible to start HIV treatment in national policy?
CT2
Same-day treatment start
CT2
Same-day treatment start
Clinical and treatment
Policy 2
Is the option to start treatment the same day as HIV diagnosis included in national policy?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: ASHM When to start ART
Is the option to start treatment the same day as HIV diagnosis included in national policy?
CT3
Treatment regimen
CT3
Treatment regimen
Clinical and treatment
Policy 3
Are up-to-date first-line ARV regimens aligned with international recommendations included in national HIV policy?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: ASHM: ARV regimen (2021)ASHM Which regimen to use
Are up-to-date first-line ARV regimens aligned with international recommendations included in national HIV policy?
CT4
Differentiated service delivery (3‑part)
CT4
Differentiated service delivery
Clinical and treatment
Policy 4
Do national HIV treatment policies include multiple options for differentiated HIV treatment services?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source data not currently available
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source data not currently available
iii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: Lancet_Long Acting ARV Injection... (2017)
Do national HIV treatment policies include multiple options for differentiated HIV treatment services?
i
Does national policy allow for community ART distribution?
data not available
ii
Does national policy allow for reduced frequency of clinical visits?
data not available
iii
Does national policy allow for multi-month dispensing?
CT5
Viral load testing
CT5
Viral load testing
Clinical and treatment
Policy 5
Is viral load monitoring at least once per year provided for in national policy?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: ASHM Lab Testing (2018)NCPI Part A (2022)
Is viral load monitoring at least once per year provided for in national policy?
CT6
Pediatric diagnosis & treatment (2‑part)
CT6
Pediatric diagnosis & treatment
Clinical and treatment
Policy 6
Are national pediatric testing and treatment policies aligned with international recommendations?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source data not currently available
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source data not currently available
Are national pediatric testing and treatment policies aligned with international recommendations?
data not available
i
Does early infant diagnosis policy align with WHO recommendations on the use of point-of-care tests?
data not available
ii
Does the first-line ARV regimen for infants and children included in national guidelines align with WHO recommendations?
data not available
CT7
Migrants access to healthcare (2‑part)
CT7
Migrants access to healthcare
Clinical and treatment
Policy 7
Are HIV services and primary healthcare available to all migrants under the same conditions as citizens under national policy?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_Medicare ineligible PLHIV in Australia (2019)Australia_Commonwealth Fund Country Profile_2020WPRO Migrant Health Report (2018)MIPEX (2014, 2020)
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_Medicare ineligible PLHIV in Australia (2019)Migrants left behind in HIV treatment cascade
Are HIV services and primary healthcare available to all migrants under the same conditions as citizens under national policy?
i
Is primary healthcare available to all migrants under the same conditions as citizens under national policy?
ii
Are HIV services available to all migrants under the same conditions as citizens under national policy?
CT8
TB diagnostics
CT8
TB diagnostics
Clinical and treatment
Policy 8
Are rapid diagnostic tests (e.g. rapid molecular diagnostics, TB-LAM) aligned with WHO recommendations used as the initial diagnostic test for TB in PLHIV under national policy?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source data not currently available
Are rapid diagnostic tests (e.g. rapid molecular diagnostics, TB-LAM) aligned with WHO recommendations used as the initial diagnostic test for TB in PLHIV under national policy?
data not available
Testing and prevention
Contact Us
TP
SOME
Category / topic
Question
Adoption level
Not
adopted
Partially
adopted
Adopted
TP1
Self-testing
TP1
Self-testing
Testing and prevention
Policy 1
Is self-testing approved in national policy?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_National Testing Policy (2017)PrEP Guidelines (2020)NCPI (2021)
Is self-testing approved in national policy?
TP2
Partner notification/Index testing (2‑part)
TP2
Partner notification/Index testing
Testing and prevention
Policy 2
Is index testing/partner notification, with robust protections for patient confidentiality, provided for in national policy?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_National Testing Policy (2017)Partner Notification (2014)NCPI (2021)
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: Partner Notification (2014)
Is index testing/partner notification, with robust protections for patient confidentiality, provided for in national policy?
i
Is index testing/partner notification provided for in national guidelines?
ii
Do partner notification guidelines include confidentiality and robust protections against disclosure of HIV status without patients consent?
TP3
Compulsory testing
TP3
Compulsory testing
Testing and prevention
Policy 3
Is compulsory HIV testing prohibited under national law?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_Medicare ineligible PLHIV in Australia (2019)Australia_National Testing Policy (2017)Australia_Mandatory Testing for HIV
Is compulsory HIV testing prohibited under national law?
TP4
Age restrictions on testing & treatment
TP4
Age restrictions on testing & treatment
Testing and prevention
Policy 4
Can adolescents access HIV testing and treatment without parental consent under national policy?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: NSW Youth Health Resource Kit (2014)
Can adolescents access HIV testing and treatment without parental consent under national policy?
TP5
PrEP (2‑part)
TP5
PrEP
Testing and prevention
Policy 5
Are all people/populations at substantial risk of HIV infection eligible for PrEP under national policy and have technologies for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) received national regulatory approval?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine HIV PrePrEPWatch 2022
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: PrEP Guidelines (2020)PrEPWatch 2022
Are all people/populations at substantial risk of HIV infection eligible for PrEP under national policy and have technologies for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) received national regulatory approval?
i
Are people/populations at substantial risk of HIV infection identified and eligible for PrEP under national policy?
ii
Has at least one form of PrEP received national regulatory approval?
TP6
Harm reduction (2‑part)
TP6
Harm reduction
Testing and prevention
Policy 6
Does national law and HIV policy incorporate key harm reduction strategies, including avoidance of criminalizing syringe possession?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Eighth National HIV Strategy (2018)(2022)_The_Global_State_of_Harm_Reduction
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: DoH_Possession of needles and syringes (2005)
Does national law and HIV policy incorporate key harm reduction strategies, including avoidance of criminalizing syringe possession?
i
Is harm reduction included in national policy & service packages for people who inject drugs?
ii
Does national law avoid imposing criminal penalties for possession of syringes and associated paraphernalia?
TP7
Comprehensive sexuality education
TP7
Comprehensive sexuality education
Testing and prevention
Policy 7
Is comprehensive sexuality education required in primary and secondary schools under national policy?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source data not currently available
Is comprehensive sexuality education required in primary and secondary schools under national policy?
data not available
TP8
Prisoners prevention (2‑part)
TP8
Prisoners prevention
Testing and prevention
Policy 8
Are both condoms/lubricants and syringe access/exchange programs available to prisoners as a matter of policy?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: Moazen et al (2019)
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_needle and syringe programs in Australian prisons (2020)Australia_ Needle and Syringe Program Legal Challenge (2019)
Are both condoms/lubricants and syringe access/exchange programs available to prisoners as a matter of policy?
i
Are condoms/lubricant available in prisons as a matter of national policy?
ii
Are syringe access/exchange programs available in prisons as a matter of national policy?
Structural
Contact Us
S
MANY
Category / topic
Question
Adoption level
Not
adopted
Partially
adopted
Adopted
S1
Same-sex sex non-criminalization (2‑part)
S1
Same-sex sex non-criminalization
Structural
Policy 1
Does national law/policy refrain from criminalizing and prosecuting people for consensual same-sex sexual acts?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_ILGA report (2019)Australia _ Sex Discrimination Act (2018)NCPI Part A (2022)ILGA (2023)
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: Australia _ Sex Discrimination Act (2018)
Does national law/policy refrain from criminalizing and prosecuting people for consensual same-sex sexual acts?
i
Does national law refrain from criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual acts?
ii
Has law-enforcement policy avoided prosecution for consensual same-sex acts in recent years?
S2
Sex work non-criminalization
S2
Sex work non-criminalization
Structural
Policy 2
Does national law avoid criminalizing sex work (buying, selling, and organizing of sex work)?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_Prostitution Regulation (2014)NCPI (2021)NSWP (2023)
Does national law avoid criminalizing sex work (buying, selling, and organizing of sex work)?
S3
Drug use non-criminalization
S3
Drug use non-criminalization
Structural
Policy 3
Does national law refrain from criminalizing personal drug use/possession?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: Australia_Decriminalization Drugs
Does national law refrain from criminalizing personal drug use/possession?
S4
HIV exposure non-criminalization (2‑part)
S4
HIV exposure non-criminalization
Structural
Policy 4
Does national law refrain from criminalizing and prosecuting people for HIV exposure/ transmission?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_ HIV criminalizationHIV Justice Network (2023)NCPI (2021)NCPI Part A (2022)
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: HIV Justice Network (2023)
Does national law refrain from criminalizing and prosecuting people for HIV exposure/ transmission?
i
Does national law refrain from criminalizing HIV exposure/transmission?
ii
Has law-enforcement policy avoided arrests/prosecution for HIV transmission/exposure in recent years?
S5
Non-discrimination protections (3‑part)
S5
Non-discrimination protections
Structural
Policy 5
Do national laws/policies include protections from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity, and HIV status?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_ILGA report (2019)Australia _ Sex Discrimination Act (2018)ILGA (2023)
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_ILGA report (2019)Australia _ Sex Discrimination Act (2018)ILGA (2023)
iii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: Australia_ Disability Discrimination Act (2018)
Do national laws/policies include protections from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity, and HIV status?
i
Do national laws protect people from discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation?
ii
Do national laws protect people from discrimination on the basis of gender identity/diversity?
iii
Do national laws protect people from discrimination on the basis of HIV status?
S6
National human rights institutions
S6
National human rights institutions
Structural
Policy 6
Is there an independent national human rights institution to which violations can be reported?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: GANHRI (2022)
Is there an independent national human rights institution to which violations can be reported?
S7
Constitutional right to health
S7
Constitutional right to health
Structural
Policy 7
Is there an enforceable right to health in the national constitution?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: Constitute (2021)
Is there an enforceable right to health in the national constitution?
S8
Girls education
S8
Girls education
Structural
Policy 8
Is there a national policy in place to encourage secondary school retention among girls?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source data not currently available
Is there a national policy in place to encourage secondary school retention among girls?
data not available
S9
Gender based violence
S9
Gender based violence
Structural
Policy 9
Does the law explicitly address domestic violence with enforceable penalties?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_Domestic Violence (2009)World Bank Women Business and the Law (2023)
Does the law explicitly address domestic violence with enforceable penalties?
S10
Civil society (2‑part)
S10
Civil society
Structural
Policy 10
Are NGOs/CSOs able to register, seek funding and operate freely under national law and is there a social contracting policy for financing NGOs/CSO-provided services?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source data not currently available
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: (2022)_Freedom_in_the_world_All_data_2013-2022
Are NGOs/CSOs able to register, seek funding and operate freely under national law and is there a social contracting policy for financing NGOs/CSO-provided services?
i
Does national policy provide for social contracting (or other mechanisms by which the government finances CSOs to provide health services)?
data not available
ii
Are NGOs/CSOs, including those working with key populations, able to officially register, seek funding, and operate freely under national laws and policies?
Health systems
Contact Us
HS
SOME
Category / topic
Question
Adoption level
Not
adopted
Partially
adopted
Adopted
HS1
Task shifting
HS1
Task shifting
Health systems
Policy 1
Are nurses or other non-physicians allowed to initiate HIV treatment under national policy?
Data available for
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source data not currently available
Are nurses or other non-physicians allowed to initiate HIV treatment under national policy?
data not available
HS2
Health financing (2‑part)
HS2
Health financing
Health systems
Policy 2
Does the national budget and fiscal policy include sufficient health spending and adequate tax revenues to meet international targets?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source data not currently available
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: (2022) Heritage Foundation index2022_dataHeritage Foundation (2022)
Does the national budget and fiscal policy include sufficient health spending and adequate tax revenues to meet international targets?
i
Does the percent of government spending going to health align with the Global Fund co-financing targets?
ii
Does government collect adequate tax revenue to align with the tax:GDP ratio in the Global Fund co-financing targets?
HS3
Universal health coverage (2‑part)
HS3
Universal health coverage
Health systems
Policy 3
Does national health coverage include medications for HIV treatment & pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: Australia_Medicare ineligible PLHIV in Australia (2019)
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: PrEP PBS Subsidy (2018)PrEP Guidelines (2020)
Does national health coverage include medications for HIV treatment & pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)?
i
Are ARVs covered by the national health system/scheme?
ii
Is PrEP covered by the national health system/scheme?
HS4
User fees (2‑part)
HS4
User fees
Health systems
Policy 4
Are public primary healthcare and HIV services available without user fees at the point of service under national policy?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_Commonwealth Fund Country Profile_2020Australia_Medicare
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: Australia_Medicare ineligible PLHIV in Australia (2019)Australia_Queensland_CopaymentNCPI (2021)
Are public primary healthcare and HIV services available without user fees at the point of service under national policy?
i
Are primary healthcare services in public facilities available without user fees?
ii
Are HIV services in public facilities available without user fees?
HS5
Access to medicines (TRIPS) (2‑part)
HS5
Access to medicines (TRIPS)
Health systems
Policy 5
Does national law/policy take advantage of TRIPS flexibilities for affordable medicines?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Sources: article 135 of the Patents Act no. 83 of 1990Australia USA FTA 2004 Chapter 17 article 17.10
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: WIPO Report_Parallel Import (2001)
Does national law/policy take advantage of TRIPS flexibilities for affordable medicines?
i
Are TRIPS flexibilities (including parallel importation, compulsory licensing, and LDC extension) incorporated in national law?
ii
Are there documented examples of the country utilizing TRIPS flexibilities?
HS6
Unique identifiers with data protections (2‑part)
HS6
Unique identifiers with data protections
Health systems
Policy 6
Are unique identifiers for continuity of care across multiple facilities included in national policy along with protections for patients' privacy?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source data not currently available
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: (2022)_DLA_Piper_Data_Protections_and_Laws_Handbook
Are unique identifiers for continuity of care across multiple facilities included in national policy along with protections for patients' privacy?
i
Is there a unique ID (or other method of de-duplicating data) that allows for continuity of care across multiple facilities?
data not available
ii
Does national law include legally enforceable protections against disclosure of individually-identifiable health data, including HIV status?
HS7
Data sharing (2‑part)
HS7
Data sharing
Health systems
Policy 7
Is it national policy to publicly share disaggregated HIV data on a regular basis?
Data available for
i
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: Australia_ Right to Health
ii
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Source: Australia_Medicare ineligible PLHIV in Australia (2019)
Is it national policy to publicly share disaggregated HIV data on a regular basis?
i
Is data disaggregated by geographic region, age, and gender?
ii
Is data shared at least quarterly?